Weapon victimization and long-term cardiovascular disease risk.

Esther Lee, Daniel C Semenza, Arline T Geronimus, Justin Heinze

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

The Long-Term Impact of Adolescent Community Weapon-Related Violence Exposure on Depression: Insomnia as a Mediating Pathway.Journal of community psychology · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Esther LeeHealth Behavior and Health Equity, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. Electronic address: esylee@umich.edu.

Daniel C SemenzaSociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, NJ, United States. Electronic address: daniel.semenza@rutgers.edu.

Arline T GeronimusHealth Behavior and Health Equity, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. Electronic address: arline@umich.edu.

Justin HeinzeHealth Behavior and Health Equity, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States. Electronic address: jheinze@umich.edu.

Funding

TRAINING IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEMOGRAPHYT32HD007339 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Sarah A. Burgard · 1987 to 2026

$14.9M

NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007339

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adolescent exposure to weapon-related violence is linked to adverse mental health outcomes, yet its long-term physical health impacts remain understudied. Using four waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examined the direct and indirect associations between adolescent weapon victimization and overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood. Weapon victimization was associated with a 55.7 % increase in 10-year CVD risk (direct) and a 10.6 % increase in 30-year risk (indirect), with mental distress, smoking, and allostatic load accounting for 76 % of the total indirect effect. Given that firearm injury and CVD are the leading causes of death among adolescents and adults in the U.S., respectively, these findings reflect the potential value of integrating violence prevention into broader public health and chronic disease strategies.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCrime VictimsWeaponsAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUnited StatesYoung AdultAdolescenceAllostatic loadCardiovascular diseaseHealth behaviorsLongitudinal studyMental distressWeapon victimization

Identifiers

PMID40482473

DOI10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118236

PMCPMC12362955

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.