ArticlePilot and feasibility studies2025
Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) in cardiac catheterization: intervention development.
Article in Pilot and feasibility studies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nurse-led music-based interventions across clinical care settings: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnxiety related to cardiac catheterization (ARCC) is highly prevalent and most severe in the immediate preoperative period. ARCC is associated with increased myocardial oxygen consumption, blood pressure variability, and increased risk of arrhythmias, leading to higher rates of intraoperative complications and worse physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning.
objectiveTo describe a nurse-led complex intervention (CI) designed to reduce ARCC in adults before a cardiac catheterization (CC).
methodsTo design the intervention, a concept analysis yielded the identification of ARCC antecedents and attributes, based on which CI components and objectives were determined. For each component, CI procedures, mode of delivery, and dose were established based on empirical evidence. The CI was reported according to the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist.
resultsThe Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) consists of two components. The educational component provides the essential information regarding CC purpose, catheterization laboratory features, and what to expect before, during, and after the procedure. The musical component provides individuals with a feeling of comfort and relaxation. EMIRA is delivered in one 30-min session using an audiovisual format. EMIRA's expected primary outcome is a decreased state anxiety level. Additionally, EMIRA might reduce blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and chest pain.
conclusionsEMIRA is a CI developed with methodological rigor. Future studies should evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of EMIRA.
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