ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
Polypyrrole-ferric phosphate-methotrexate nanoparticles enhance apoptosis/ferroptosis of M1 macrophages via autophagy blockage for rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risperidone induces osteoporosis and neuropsychiatric treatment resistance via SMPD1-lysosome-mediated ferroptosis: dual rescue by active vitamin D analog ED-71.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Platelet-rich plasma cues program M2 macrophage-derived exosome mimetics to regenerate the tendon-bone interface.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Metal-dependent regulated cell death: Molecular architecture and translational frontiers.iMeta · 2026Review
- Smart Polymer Nanoparticles: Targeting Macrophages/Fibroblasts and Modulating the Microenvironment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial-Based Photothermal Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: Intervention Strategies, Synergistic Effects, and Future Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The PANoptotic mosaic of rheumatoid arthritis: epitranscriptomic regulation, systemic relays, and precision death-mode editing.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advancing Arthritis Therapy: The Frontier of Targeted and Responsive Nanomedicine.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that progresses from synovial inflammation to cartilage and bone destruction. Eliminating pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages is a promising strategy for RA treatment, but is impeded by cytoprotective autophagy. Herein, we report an effective autophagy blockage-promoted apoptosis/ferroptosis strategy using multifunctional ferric phosphate-decorated, methotrexate-loaded polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-FePi-MTX NPs) to achieve enhanced RA treatment effects. When injected into the knee joints of a collagen-induced DBA/1J mouse model of RA, the payloads on PPy NPs are released under the stimulation of an inflammatory microenvironment. The released MTX can directly induce M1 macrophage apoptosis. Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, the photothermal effect of PPy NPs further promotes cellular apoptosis. In addition, Fe
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