ArticleBMC public health2025
Economic and healthcare determinants of under-five mortality in low-income countries.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Economic development and under-five mortality: a global longitudinal analysis of lagged effects and between-country inequalities.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Trends, sex and socioeconomic inequalities, and future projections of under-five mortality in Ghana from 1992 to 2035.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Distributional dynamics of child mortality in Africa: quantile evidence from economic, environmental, and demographic transitions.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnder-five mortality (U5MR) remains a critical development challenge, particularly in low-income countries (LICs), where children face the highest risk of preventable deaths. This study explores the influence of three key variables, per capita Gross Domestic Product (PGDP), DTP1 immunisation coverage, and Government Healthcare Expenditure (GHE), on U5MR across 19 LICs from 2000 to 2020, providing a clearer understanding of their individual and combined effects.
methodsA balanced panel dataset was analysed using both fixed-effects and random-effects panel regression models. Additionally, country-level insights were derived through multiple linear regression (MLR) to capture variations across different LIC contexts.
resultsThe analysis revealed a strong inverse relationship between PGDP and U5MR, highlighting the role of economic growth in improving child survival. DTP1 immunisation coverage showed mixed effects, positively linked to reduced mortality in most LICs, but unexpectedly associated with higher U5MR in specific contexts like Malawi and the Central African Republic, suggesting challenges in access or implementation. Similarly, GHE showed varied impacts, with some countries benefiting significantly, while others demonstrated weaker or adverse effects, likely due to inefficiencies in spending.
conclusionsThe findings highlight that reducing U5MR in LICs requires more than isolated actions. It calls for combined strategies that connect economic improvements with fair healthcare investments and better immunisation delivery. Policymakers must design context-specific solutions to ensure lasting and meaningful progress in child health outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.