ArticleNature biomedical engineering2025
A deep learning system for detecting silent brain infarction and predicting stroke risk.
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Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Underutilized Ocular Fundus in Emergency Departments: Current Progress and Future Prospect of Imaging and Artificial Intelligence for Patient Care.Ophthalmology science · 2026Review
- Cyanobacteria-derived near-infrared autofluorescent exosomes enabling synergistic brain lesion imaging and neuroprotection.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- AI-driven multimodal retinal imaging for early detection and risk stratification of vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Machine learning in neuroradiology: Recent developments and applications.World journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Predicting stroke risk using retinal imaging with artificial intelligence: a scoping review of current evidence.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Retinal imaging for cerebrovascular risk stratification: evidence, limitations, and practical thresholds for the ophthalmologist.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Regularized Latent Adaptive Framework for Unsupervised Industrial Anomaly Detection via Multi-Scale Generative-Discriminative Learning.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Explainable retinal deep learning for cardiovascular risk stratification: a multiple modality analysis framework with vascular-centric interpretability and robustness.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Replication of the Association between Retinal Aging Clock Susceptibility Genes and Retinal Age Gap in an Asian Population: The Nagahama Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions: a narrative review.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- From retina to brain: how deep learning closes the gap in silent stroke screening.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Multimodal artificial intelligence in medicine: a task-oriented framework for clinical translation.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
70 authors.
Nan Jiang *Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Hongwei Ji *Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Zhouyu Guan *Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Yuesong Pan *Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Chenxin Deng *Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Yuchen Guo *Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Dan Liu *Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Tingli Chen *Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China.
Shiyu WangShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Yilan WuBeijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0493-9958
Dawei YangDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
An Ran RanDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4592-4867
Haslina HamzahSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Miao Li CheeSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Changchang YinDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Benjamin Sommer ThinggaardDepartment of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-3568
Frederik N PedersenDepartment of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Qingsheng PengSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Ten Cheer QuekSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Jocelyn Hui Lin GohSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Sarkaaj SinghDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Anis Syazwani Abd RaofDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-2857
Jian Wen Samuel Lee-BoeyDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Yuwei LuShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Shan HuangShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Jia ShuShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Shujie YuShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Yixiao JinBeijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Tingyao LiShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3844-0522
Yiming QinShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8831-1644
Jing WangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China.
Xiaolong YangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China.
Tingting HuShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Zheyuan WangShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Yaoning ZhaoBeijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Seungmin LeeState Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Engineering Science, Intelligent Microwave Lightwave Integration Innovation Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoer WeiInstitute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Haotian ZhengShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Yuehua LiInstitute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8028-248X
Jie ShenMedical Records and Statistics Office, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yan ZhouDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Shiqun LinDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Chan WuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Rongping DaiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Lei RuanDepartment of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Ruth E HoggCentre for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-2669
David WrightCentre for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-3691
Ya Xing WangBeijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2749-7793
Yingfeng ZhengState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Gavin Siew Wei TanSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.
Charumathi SabanayagamSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-4719
Yuqian BaoShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Cuntai ZhangDepartment of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Ping ZhangDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4601-0779
Weiwen ZouState Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Engineering Science, Intelligent Microwave Lightwave Integration Innovation Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Minyi GuoShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.
Xiaokang YangMOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-3322
Gareth J McKayCentre for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
Jakob GrauslundDepartment of Ophthalmology, Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Lee-Ling LimDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6214-6924
Zixiao LiDepartment of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Carol Y CheungDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9672-1819
Yih Chung ThamSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-797X
Ching-Yu ChengSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-885X
Yongjun WangDepartment of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. yongjunwang@ncrcnd.org.cn.
Qionghai DaiDepartment of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. daiqh@tsinghua.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7043-3061
Weiping JiaShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. wpjia@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2168
Huating LiShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0526-5545
Bin ShengShanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8510-2556
Tien Yin WongBeijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-1264
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current brain imaging to detect silent brain infarctions (SBIs) is not feasible for the general population. Here, to overcome this challenge, we developed a retinal image-based deep learning system, DeepRETStroke, to detect SBI and refine stroke risk. We use 895,640 retinal photographs to pretrain the DeepRETStroke system, which encodes a domain-specific foundation model for representing eye-brain connections. Then, we validated the downstream clinical tasks of DeepRETStroke using 213,762 retinal photographs from diverse datasets across China, Singapore, Malaysia, the USA, the UK and Denmark to detect SBI and predict stroke events. DeepRETStroke performed well in internal validation datasets, with areas under the curve of 0.901 for predicting incident stroke and 0.769 for predicting recurrent stroke. External validations demonstrated consistent performances across diverse datasets. Finally, in a prospective study comprising 218 participants with stroke, we assessed the performance of DeepRETStroke compared with clinical traits in guiding strategies for stroke recurrence prevention. Altogether, the retinal image-based deep learning system, DeepRETStroke, is superior to clinical traits in predicting stroke events, especially by incorporating the detection of SBI, without the need for brain imaging.
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Brain InfarctionDeep LearningStrokeAgedBrainFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRetinaRisk Factors
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