Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40481218›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2025

End-to-end topographic networks as models of cortical map formation and human visual behaviour.

Zejin Lu, Adrien Doerig, Victoria Bosch, Bas Krahmer, Daniel Kaiser, Radoslaw M Cichy, Tim C Kietzmann

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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  3. Multidimensional Feature Tuning in Category Selective Areas of Human Visual Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
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  15. TopoNets: High performing vision and language models with brain-like topography.... International Conference on Learning Representations · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Zejin Lu *Machine Learning Group, Institute for Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany. zekinglu@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1942-9223
Adrien Doerig *Machine Learning Group, Institute for Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5120-9750
Victoria Bosch *Machine Learning Group, Institute for Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-8325
Bas KrahmerDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department for Artificial Intelligence, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Daniel KaiserNeural Computation Group, Mathematical Institute, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-3160
Radoslaw M CichyNeural Dynamics of Visual Cognition Group, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-6071
Tim C KietzmannMachine Learning Group, Institute for Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany. tim.kietzmann@uni-osnabrueck.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-6062

Funding

CSC | Chinese Government Scholarship CSC grant 202106120015Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) CI241/1-1, CI241/3-1, CI241/7- 1Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) project number 456666331EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) ERC-2022-STG 101076057EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) ERC STG grant 101039524 TIMEEC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) STG grant 803370Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation) SNF grant n.203018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A prominent feature of the primate visual system is its topographic organization. For understanding its origins, its computational role and its behavioural implications, computational models are of central importance. Yet, vision is commonly modelled using convolutional neural networks, which are hard-wired to learn identical features across space and thus lack topography. Here we overcome this limitation by introducing all-topographic neural networks (All-TNNs). All-TNNs develop several features reminiscent of primate topography, including smooth orientation and category selectivity maps, and enhanced processing of regions with task-relevant information. In addition, All-TNNs operate on a low energy budget, suggesting a metabolic benefit of smooth topographic organization. To test our model against behaviour, we collected a dataset of human spatial biases in object recognition and found that All-TNNs significantly outperform control models. All-TNNs thereby offer a promising candidate for modelling primate visual topography and its role in downstream behaviour.

Indexed as

Models, NeurologicalNeural Networks, ComputerVisual CortexVisual PerceptionAnimalsHumans

Identifiers

PMID40481218
PMCPMC12454150

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.