Observational studyScientific reports2025
Agreement between carotid and LVOT non-invasive cardiac output measurements in ED septic shock patients: a prospective observational study.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bedside Ultrasound and Noninvasive Cardiac Output Monitoring in Children with Septic Shock: A Retrospective Comparative Study.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- From Fluid Responsiveness to Prognosis: The Emerging Role of Point-of-Care Echocardiography in Sepsis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in Critically Ill Patients: A Guide for Emergency Physicians.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sepsis significantly impacts the circulatory system and is associated with high mortality rates, particularly in patients with septic shock who require urgent treatment. Non-invasive cardiac output monitoring is a critical bedside tool for assessing fluid responsiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between cardiac output measurements obtained from the carotid artery and the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) in patients with septic shock in the emergency department (ED). A prospective observational study was conducted on adult patients diagnosed with septic shock and admitted to the ED between October 2023 and October 2024. Cardiac output was calculated using the standard formula (CO = VTI × cross-sectional area × heart rate) for both LVOT and carotid measurements. Agreement between LVOT-derived and carotid-derived cardiac output was assessed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient, Bland-Altman analysis, and percentage error. Forty patients with septic shock were included in the study. The mean carotid blood flow was 0.855 L/min, while the mean cardiac output measured by LVOT echocardiography was 5.329 L/min. Cardiac output measurements derived from carotid artery VTI and LVOT VTI showed a moderate agreement, as demonstrated by Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient of 0.527 (p < 0.001) and an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (absolute agreement) of 0.695 (p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of - 0.47 (95% CI: -2.11 to 1.17), with a concordance interval ranging from - 10.51 (95% CI: -13.35 to - 7.67) to 9.58 (95% CI: 6.74 to 12.42). Non-invasive cardiac output measurements from the carotid artery exhibited only moderate agreement with those derived from the LVOT, accompanied by wide limits of agreement. This indicates that the two methods should not be utilized interchangeably for clinical decision-making in individual patients. Carotid artery measurements should not be regarded as a direct replacement for LVOT examinations.
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