Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40480664›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2025

Global, regional and national burden of infections among pregnant women, 1990-2021: a prospective cohort study.

Siqiao Wang, Shun Chen, Meiyi Chen, Wei Xu, Zhourui Wu, Xiao Hu, Chen Li, Zhihui Xiao, Bei Ma, Liming Cheng

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Siqiao Wang *Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Shun Chen *Department of Endocrinology, Diannan Central Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
Meiyi Chen *Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Wei XuDivision of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Zhourui WuDivision of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Xiao HuDivision of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Chen LiDivision of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Zhihui XiaoDivision of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Bei MaDivision of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Liming ChengDivision of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China limingcheng@tongji.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9494-8211

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe aimed to analyse the trends, age distribution and disease burden of maternal sepsis and other maternal infections (MSMI) to improve management strategies.

designWe extracted data from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2021 database to evaluate MSMI burden with different measures for the whole world, 21 GBD regions and 204 countries from 1990 to 2021.

settingStudies from the GBD 2021 database generated by population-representative data sources identified through a literature review and research collaborations were included.

participantsPatients with an MSMI diagnosis. OUTCOMES: Total numbers, age-standardised rates (ASRs) of incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) on MSMI from the GBD 2021 study and their estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were the primary outcomes.

resultsThere were 19 047 404 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 14 608 563 to 24 086 486) annual incident cases, 2 376 876 (95% UI 1 678 868 to 3 421 377) prevalent cases at a single time point, 17 665 (95% UI 14 628 to 21 191) death cases and 1 144 233 (95% UI 956 988 to 1 352 034) DALYs of total MSMI in 2021. From 1990, the case number and ASRs of incidences and prevalence showed decreasing trends, while the case number and ASRs of mortality and DALYs gradually increased with time, reaching the peak in 2001, and then declined. In 2021, the ASRs of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs sharply increased with age, which reached the peak in the 20-24 age group. The ASRs were decreased with increasing sociodemographic index (SDI). In 2021, it showed a positive correlation between EAPC and ASR of DALYs (r=0.3398, p<0.001).

conclusionsThe disease burden in low-SDI regions far exceeded that of regions with higher SDI. The persistent disparities in the burden of MSMI between low- and high-SDI regions underscore the urgent need for context-specific interventions, including targeted healthcare infrastructure investments in central and western sub-Saharan Africa, integration of WHO's Maternal Sepsis Guidelines into national policies, and prioritisation of antenatal care access for women aged 20-24 years. These strategies align with sustainable development goals to reduce maternal mortality and achieve universal health coverage by 2030.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseasePregnancy Complications, InfectiousSepsisAdultAge DistributionCost of IllnessDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansIncidencePregnancyPrevalenceProspective StudiesYoung AdultMaternal medicineMortalityPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID40480664
PMCPMC12161437

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.