ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2025
Membrane-IL12 adjuvant mRNA vaccine polarizes pre-effector T cells for optimized tumor control.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modular mRNA cocktail enables synergistic activation of antigen-specific T cells for cancer immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Alphavirus replicase and regulatory RNA elements in host interactions and viral vector engineering.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Peripheral vaccination-induced brain-resident memory CD8+ T cells durably protect mice against intracranial malignancy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Bioinformatics-Guided structural characterization and immunogenicity assessment of multi-epitope vaccine candidates against Zika virus.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Decrypting the Immune Symphony for RNA Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Eliciting antitumor immunity via therapeutic cancer vaccines.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Conventional mRNA cancer vaccines can expand the quantity of tumor-specific CD8 T cells, but their effector function might be compromised. Specific cytokine signaling may enhance T cell differentiation for better tumor killing. We screened various cytokines and identified IL-12 as a potent adjuvant for mRNA vaccines, though with significant systemic toxicity. To balance efficacy and toxicity, we developed a membrane-tethered IL-12 (mtIL12) adjuvant mRNA vaccine. This design restricts mtIL12 expression to the surface of antigen-presenting cells, thereby selectively activating antigen-specific T cells without affecting bystander T or NK cells. mtIL12 adjuvant mRNA vaccination induced a unique pre-effector T cell subset that gives rise to highly responsive effector T cells, resulting in superior anti-tumor activity. Moreover, this approach overcame immune checkpoint therapy resistance and prevented cancer metastasis. Our study highlights that next-generation mRNA vaccines encoding membrane-tethered cytokine adjuvants can generate potent effector T cells, offering effective tumor control with reduced toxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.