ArticleJournal of safety science and resilience = An quan ke xue yu ren xing (Ying wen)2021
COVID-19 economic policy effects on consumer spending and foot traffic in the U.S.
Article in Journal of safety science and resilience = An quan ke xue yu ren xing (Ying wen), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- From crisis to new routine: shifts in urban shopping mobility and socioeconomic inequality during and after the COVID-19 shock.Frontiers in big data · 2026Article
- Uneven access to essential services and amenities: Geographic disparities in 'third place' availability across the United States from 2010 to 2021.Health & place · 2025Article
- How consumer behaviours changed in response to COVID-19 lockdown stringency measures: A case study of Walmart.Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England) · 2023Article
- Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on economic recovery: role of potential regulatory responses and corporate liquidity.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023Article
- Financial relief policy and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To battle with economic challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, the US government implemented various measures to mitigate economic loss. From issuance of stimulus checks to reopening businesses, consumers had to constantly alter their behavior in response to government policies. Using anonymized card transactions and mobile device-based location tracking data, we analyze the factors that contribute to these behavior changes, focusing on stimulus check issuance and state-wide reopening. Our finding suggests that stimulus payment has a significant immediate effect of boosting spending, but it typically does not reverse a downward trend. State-wide reopening had a small effect on spending. Foot traffic increased gradually after stimulus check issuance, but only increased slightly after reopening, which also coincided or preceded several policy changes and confounding events (e.g., protests) in the US. We also find differences in the reaction to these policies in different regions in the US. Our results may be used to inform future economic recovery policies and their potential consumer response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.