ArticleJPRAS open2025
Characterization of cutaneous microvasculature using 3D imaging: A feasibility study in a cohort of head and neck surgery patients with attention to smoking status.
Article in JPRAS open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- 3D reconstruction of human liver tissue at cellular resolution.Science advances · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This study explored a new method to characterize cutaneous microvasculature and evaluated the associations between baseline vessel characteristics and post-operative wound healing outcomes. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 17 adult patients undergoing major head and neck surgery. A full thickness cutaneous biopsy from the inferior surgical skin flap of the neck incision was obtained and processed for immunohistochemical analyses. Collagen IV antibody was immunolocalized along with secondary fluorophore-conjugated antibodies for confocal microscopy. The Vesselucida 360 software was used to morphologically characterize the cutaneous vasculature by tracing 3D sections of the collagen IV-stained vessels. Vessel structure metrics including isolated elements (individual vessel structures) and patient characteristics were evaluated for associations. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 3.6.1 and SAS version 9.4; a p-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Males and prior chemotherapy patients trended toward higher isolated elements compared with females and patients without a history of chemotherapy. Vesselucida assessment results indicated that current and former smokers were found to have more tortuous vessels and irregular vessel walls than never-smokers. Isolated elements were significantly higher in patients who returned to the hospital owing to a wound complication, required long-term wound care, or had other complications. Vascular endothelial growth factor A was positively correlated with vessel endings and total surface area, whereas placental growth factor was positively correlated with isolated elements and endings. Conclusions: We described the use of Vesselucida 360 as an innovative tool to characterize cutaneous vasculature; using this tool, the increase in isolated elements was found to be associated with poorer wound healing outcomes.
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