ArticleReviews in cardiovascular medicine2025
Exploring Imaging Depth: A Pilot Study About 2D vs. 4D Echocardiography for Tricuspid Valve Evaluation.
Article in Reviews in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Right Heart of Elite Male and Female Cyclists: A Comparative Study of Cycling Disciplines.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Performances of Clinical, Biological and Echographic Signs to Assess Right Atrial Pressure in Pulmonary Hypertension.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The tricuspid valve (TV) is a complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomical structure; however, current guidelines recommend tricuspid annulus (TA) measurements to be performed with two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. The aim of this study was to compare TV measurements obtained with 2D and four-dimensional (4D) echocardiography for surgical planning. Methods: All echocardiographic data of patients referred to our center for TV assessment were collected. Multimodality imaging data were reviewed, including 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) integrated with information from 3D TTE. Measurements were also compared with those obtained using the 4D Auto Tricuspid Valve Quantification (TVQ) tool. Results: Overall, 11 patients (median age 72 [66-78] years, 18% female) were included in the study. Mild, moderate and severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was present in 6, 3 and 2 patients, respectively. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 35 ± 8 mmHg, inferior vena cava diameter 21 ± 4 mm, right atrial area 25 ± 9 cm Conclusions: Our results suggest that specific patient subsets could benefit more from TA measurements using the 4D Auto TVQ tool to help identify the mechanisms responsible for TR, including candidates for left-sided valve surgery and patients in whom the indication for TV repair is unclear.
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