ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
Advancing immunomodulation in organ transplantation: the therapeutic potential of self-assembled rapamycin nanoparticles in allograft rejection.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diet-dependent, beneficial and adverse effects of rapamycin on life span of Drosophila melanogaster.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Long-term vagus nerve stimulation synergized with rapamycin elicits neuroimmune modulation to prolong skin allograft survival.iScience · 2026Article
- Advances in nanomaterial-based delivery systems for inducing transplantation tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTransplant rejection remains a significant challenge, necessitating effective post-transplant interventions. Although rapamycin (RAPA) is a recognized immunosuppressant, its utility is limited by poor solubility and delivery efficiency. This study investigates a self-assembly strategy to enhance the solubility and efficacy of RAPA against graft rejection.
methodsWe synthesized soluble supramolecular rapamycin nanoparticles (sRNP) using reprecipitation, making RAPA injectable and stable in aqueous solutions.
resultssRNP maintained sustained therapeutic concentrations, exhibited minimal toxicity, and notably enhanced graft survival compared to traditional oral RAPA administration. In murine allograft models, sRNP treatment effectively suppressed T cell proliferation in peripheral immune organs and the circulatory system. Detailed analyses revealed that sRNP significantly increased the population of naive T cells while decreasing effector T cells. Mechanistic investigations indicated that these effects were mediated by the enhanced recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and the promotion of regulatory T cells homing to lymph nodes. This led to reduced differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, along with a decrease in inflammatory cytokines, resulting in significantly prolonged graft survival compared to oral RAPA. Additionally, in a rat orthotopic liver transplantation model, intermittent low-dose sRNP treatment (1 mg/kg every other day intravenously) effectively inhibited T cell proliferation, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, markedly extended graft survival, and significantly improved liver function.
conclusionsThis study highlights sRNP's superiority over oral RAPA in managing allograft rejection by enhancing immune regulation, reducing T cell differentiation, and decreasing inflammation. These effects extend graft survival, underscoring sRNP's potential as an effective anti-rejection therapy.
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