ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2025
Changes of water and muscle content in lumbar paraspinal muscle degeneration and gender differences during aging using dual-energy CT.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Influence of Posture, Spinal Level, Gender and Muscle Activation on Biomechanical Properties of Lumbar Erector Spinae in Healthy Young Adults.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
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7 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo quantitatively assess lumbar paraspinal muscle degeneration and gender-related differences during aging in adults using rapid kVp switching dual-energy computed tomography (DECT).
methodsA total of 156 healthy adults underwent lumbar DECT scans and were prospectively grouped into young (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and elderly (60-79 years) groups. Muscle density (MD), cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle content (MC), and water content (WC) were measured using muscle-water decomposition images for the bilateral erector spinae (ES) at the L1/2 to L4/5 levels and bilateral multifidus (MF) and psoas (PS) at the L2/3 to L5/S1 levels.
resultsAcross age groups, significant differences in paraspinal muscle MD and WC were observed (P < 0.01), with MD negatively and WC positively correlated with age at lower lumbar levels for both MF and ES (P < 0.001). In females, except for the L5/S1 PS, WC differences between the middle-aged and elderly groups were significant (P < 0.05), but not between the young and middle-aged groups (P > 0.05). In males, multifidus MC at L4/5 decreased with age (P < 0.05), while in females, multifidus MC at L3/4 and L5/S1 were higher in the middle-aged group and lowest in the elderly group (P < 0.05). PS CSA at L4/5-L5/S1 showed a moderate negative correlation with age (P < 0.001). The Kruskal-Wallis H test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare paraspinal muscle parameters across age groups, while Spearman and Linear regression analyses assessed their associations with age.
conclusionsThe DECT muscle-water decomposition technique enables noninvasive, quantitative assessment of lumbar paraspinal muscle composition. Notably, age-related decreases in MC and increases in WC, along with gender-specific differences, may serve as early biomarkers for muscle aging and degeneration, supporting personalized evaluation and intervention.
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