Dysbiosis of gut microbiota with enriched pro-inflammatory species in children with idiopathic short stature: a case-control study.

Idiopathic short state (ISS) demotes a condition of diminished height in children lacking identifiable pathological etiologies, emering as a prominent elements, can precipitate ISS. We explored the prevalence, variability, organization, and contribution of gut microbiota in children affected by ISS. This study selected 58 ISS individuals aged 6-12, serving as the experimental group, 58 non-ISS children constituted the control group. Subsequent to the collection of fresh fecal specimens from both groups, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing facilitated an analysis and juxtaposition of species abundance, species richness, diversity, uniformity, structure, and composition within the intestinal microbiota of the childrens. There were significant differences in the abundance, species richness, diversity, evenness, and colony structure of gut microbiota between the two groups(P < 0.05). Compared with non-ISS children, ISS children have significantly reduced abundance, species richness, diversity, and evenness of their gut microbiota. Upon scrutinizing the gut microbiota composition, In children with ISS, there were 17 increased microorganisms and 13 decreased microorganisms at the three taxonomic levels of families, genus and species.The dominant bacteria in ISS mainly include Peptostreptococcaceae, Prevotella and Porphyromonas bennonis. The abundance, species richness, diversity, and evenness of the gut microbiota decrease, the surge in pro-inflammatory bacteria and key opportunistic pathogens, alongside the reduction of beneficial bacteria and certain opportunistic pathogens, may be linked to the occurrence and development of ISS disease.