Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40473598›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

No evidence of immune exhaustion after repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in vulnerable and healthy populations.

Jenna M Benoit, Jessica A Breznik, Ying Wu, Allison Kennedy, Li-Min Liu, Braeden Cowbrough, Barbara Baker, Megan Hagerman, Catherine M Andary, Maha Mushtaha and 13 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Jenna M BenoitDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8767-933X
Jessica A BreznikDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-9158
Ying WuDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Allison KennedyDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Li-Min LiuDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Braeden CowbroughDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5313-5724
Barbara BakerDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Megan HagermanDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Catherine M AndaryDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Maha MushtahaPopulation Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Nora AbdallaPopulation Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Jamie D McNicolDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-3650-3506
Gail GauvreauDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Paul Y KimDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0504-3064
Judah A DenburgDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Andrew P CostaMcMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Darryl P LeongDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Ishac NazyMcMaster Centre for Transfusion Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
MyLinh DuongDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Jonathan L BramsonDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2874-6886
Maggie J LarchéDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Chris P VerschoorDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. cversch@mcmaster.ca.
Dawn M E BowdishDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. bowdish@mcmaster.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-2957

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Frequent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in vulnerable populations has raised concerns that this may contribute to T cell exhaustion, which could negatively affect the quality of immune protection. Herein, we examined the impact of repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on T cell phenotypic and functional exhaustion in frail older adults in long-term care (n = 23), individuals on immunosuppressive drugs (n = 10), and healthy adults (n = 43), in Canada. Spike-specific CD4

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesSARS-CoV-2AgedAged, 80 and overCanadaCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCytokinesFemaleFrail ElderlyHumansImmune System ExhaustionImmunosuppressive AgentsMaleMiddle AgedCOVID-19 VaccinesCytokinesImmunosuppressive AgentsSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID40473598
PMCPMC12141600

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.