ArticleRegional anesthesia and pain medicine2025
Education or sedation? A randomized clinical trial of impact on procedural pain and satisfaction during regional block placement, and the moderating effect of pain catastrophizing.
Article in Regional anesthesia and pain medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05579509 (Personalizing Preprocedural Sedation for Regional Anesthesia), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Personalizing Preprocedural Sedation for Regional Anesthesia: a Randomized Trial and Qualitative Assessment of Patient-Centered Outcomes and Experience
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- When clinical intuition fails: exploration of clinicians' underrecognition of preoperative pain catastrophizing despite direct observation.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPreoperative peripheral nerve block placement can involve both procedural pain and psychological distress, which practitioners treat using both sedation and education/reassurance. The experience of pain may be potently modulated by baseline pain catastrophizing (presence of rumination, magnification, and helplessness). This randomized clinical trial assessed whether the treatment effect of sedation vs education/reassurance on procedural nerve block pain and satisfaction varied for patients with different baseline pain catastrophizing scores.
methodsAt baseline, patients completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), were stratified into low-PCS (<10) or high-PCS (≥10) groups, and then randomized to receive sedation or education/reassurance during nerve block placement. Patients reported maximum and average procedural pain and satisfaction, immediately after the procedure and recalled in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). Generalized estimating equations examined main effects of treatment and baseline PCS group on maximum procedural pain and the interaction between them.
resultsMaximal procedural pain immediately after the procedure was similar between treatment groups (n=72), but a significant treatment×PCS group interaction (B=0.8, 95% CI (0.04, 1.5), p=0.04) indicated that among patients with high PCS, sedation was associated with less pain (2.3±2.2 vs 4.3±2.5, p=0.01). Exploratory findings indicate sedation being associated with lower recalled procedural pain in PACU than education/reassurance (0.3±0.7 vs 2.2±2.4, p<0.001), and education being associated with higher satisfaction among those with lower PCS. DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that patients with high PCS may disproportionately benefit from sedation during nerve block, reporting less pain, whereas patients with low PCS may have a slight preference for education/reassurance, reporting higher satisfaction. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05579509.
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