ReviewInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
How Have Animal Models Increased our Understanding of Human Myopia?
Review in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measuring electroretinograms in tree shrews with a portable electrophysiology device.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Effect on Emmetropization of the Timing and Spectrum of Breaks From a Myopiagenic Environment.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- IMI-Interventions for Controlling Myopia Onset and Progression 2025.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The extent to which animal models of refractive development have increased our understanding of human myopia is reviewed. During postnatal development refractive errors converge on emmetropia in young animals but form deprivation disrupts this process. Their eyes compensate for optically imposed myopic or hyperopic defocus and recover from the induced refractive error when form deprivation or optical defocus is removed. All of these features have, to some extent, been observed in young children. The lens paradigm has been further leveraged in animals to investigate the influence of competing optical signals on refractive error. These, in turn, have informed and validated certain myopia control technologies. Short-term choroidal thickening and thinning can be induced by positive and negative lenses, respectively, in both animals and humans, although these changes are much smaller and more variable in the latter. Finally, inconsistencies among animal models, inconsistencies between animal models and human myopia, and knowledge gaps and opportunities are discussed.
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Registered trials
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