ArticleProbiotics and antimicrobial proteins2026
Multi-strain Probiotics for Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Rats: Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation.
Article in Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a commonly encountered disease of the gastrointestinal tract in premature infants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic role of probiotics on NEC in a preterm rat model. NEC model was induced in preterm formula-fed rats, exposed daily to hypoxia, hypothermia, and administered pathogenic bacteria. Then rats were randomly divided into four different groups: control group, NEC group, NEC-antibiotic group, and NEC-probiotic group. All rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. Histological examination of ileal wall under light and electron microscopes was done, and TNF-α and IL-18 staining was also assessed. Statistical analysis of data was performed. Histological examination of the ileal mucosa of NEC group showed inflammatory infiltration, various degrees of separation of the submucosa, thinning of the wall, sloughing, and loss of the intestinal villi. The villus heights significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in the NEC group. Electron micrographs demonstrated signs of enterocytic death, lost microvilli, abnormal nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, swollen mitochondria, and loss of junctional complexes. These findings were almost reversed in the probiotic group that regained the normal villous height, and to a lesser extent in the antibiotic group which was still significant compared to the CG (p ≤ 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed significantly increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-18 (p ≤ 0.05) in the intestinal mucosa of the NEC group and NEC-antibiotic group as compared to the control group and the NEC-probiotic group. Probiotics could hold therapeutic potential for NEC in preterm neonatal rats.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40471534What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.