ArticleInternational ophthalmology2025
Multifactorial analysis of dry eye syndrome: insights from Schirmer's test, VDT exposure, and tear film stability.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ocular Surface Disorders in ICU Patients: Evidence-Based Nursing Prevention Strategies.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Pooled it
- A follow-up study on visual display terminal use and dry eye disease in the Beijing Adult Dry Eye Cohort Study (ADEC).Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveThe current investigation represents to examine the numerous variables that influence tear film interactions alongside the seriousness regarding dry eye through adolescents and young adults, concentrating particularly regarding the implications of broadened Visual Display Terminal (VDT) usage, sleep deprivation, and the surrounding atmosphere. The inspection encompasses essential variables which include Schirmer's Test 1 (ST1), Tear Film Breakup Time (TBUT), ocular surface staining (OSS), tear osmolarity, blink rate, alongside symptom severity measured by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).
methodsFifty participants (100 eyes; 33 males, 17 females), aged 18-25 years, were evaluated during morning and nocturnal phases following 5 h of VDT exposure. The purpose inspections comprised ST1, TBUT, OSS, tear osmolarity, alongside blink rate. The previously Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) has been utilised for assessing unreliable warning signs. The statistical evaluations have been performed by employing paired t-tests, Pearson correlation, alongside straight-line regression mathematical modelling.
resultsST1 values decreased significantly at night (right eye: 18.06 ± 2.49 mm; left eye: 19.02 ± 2.48 mm) compared to morning (right eye: 22.18 ± 1.95 mm; left eye: 23.70 ± 1.94 mm) (p < 0.0001). TBUT declined from 7.2 ± 1.3 to 4.8 ± 1.6 s, accompanied by a 44% reduction in blink rate. OSDI scores rose from 25.4 ± 6.2 to 42.8 ± 7.9, correlating negatively with TBUT (r = -0.69, p < 0.01). Tear osmolarity demonstrated rising levels through ailments associated with lack of moisture alongside elevated the monitor luminescence. Significant correlations have been determined between ST1, TBUT, osmolarity, alongside OSS.
conclusionProlonged exposure to visual display terminals (VDT) alongside inadequate sleep considerably disrupt the tear film alongside intensify the signs of dry eye. Gender-related distinctions alongside the surrounding environment, moreover influences tear dynamics. The outcomes indicate an imperative of preventative screening, ergonomic interventions, along with customised techniques for management to reduce digital eye strain while maintaining ocular surface health in communities at high risk for injury.
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