ArticleInternational ophthalmology2025
Exploring the immunomodulatory mechanism of total glucosides of paeony on Sjögren's syndrome dry eye disease based on the "gut-eye axis" pathway.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research Progress on the Regulatory Role of Treg Cells in Inflammatory Eye Diseases.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Research progress in animal models of dry eye disease: Types, mechanisms, and application prospects.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Protective Effects ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSjögren's syndrome-related dry eye disease (SS-DED) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by ocular surface inflammation and lacrimal gland dysfunction, with limited clinical treatment options currently available.
methodsBased on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of "the liver opens into the eyes" and the modern "gut-eye axis" hypothesis. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and immunomodulatory mechanisms of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) using a NOD mouse model.
resultsThe results showed that TGP significantly increased tear secretion in SS mice, alleviated corneal and conjunctival damage, improved pathological changes in the Harderian gland, reduced inflammatory infiltration, and restored glandular secretory function. At the molecular level, TGP markedly downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-17 while upregulating anti-inflammatory factors like IL-10 and TGF-β, effectively modulating the Th17/Treg immune balance. Additionally, TGP enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3) in SS mice, repairing intestinal barrier function. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that TGP intervention regulated gut microbiota composition in SS mice, reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus. Functional prediction analysis indicated that TGP-modulated gut microbiota primarily participated in key metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.
conclusionIn conclusion, TGP can ameliorate ocular surface damage in SS mice by regulating gut microecology and immune homeostasis via the "gut-eye axis" pathway. Our study not only provides a novel therapeutic strategy for SS-DED but also offers scientific evidence for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine theories.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40471444What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.