Trial reportAdministration and policy in mental health2025
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of School Nurse Delivered Interventions to Reduce Student Anxiety: Evidence from the CALM Study.
Trial report in Administration and policy in mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Redefining Who Can Deliver Mental Health Interventions: Introduction to the Special Issue on Nontraditional Mental Health Providers to Address Growing Mental Health Needs.Administration and policy in mental health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Childhood anxiety imposes substantial economic burdens on families, schools, and medical services. Interventions to reduce anxiety may be economically valuable, particularly if they can be delivered at low cost. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of two school nurse-delivered anxiety interventions for elementary school children: CALM (Child Anxiety Learning Modules, cognitive behavioral skills) and CALM-R (relaxation skills). In this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) 30 school nurses delivered CALM or CALM-R to 54 children with elevated anxiety. CALM and CALM-R demonstrated intervention affordability, with nurse training and nurse delivery costs at $560 and $630 respectively per child. At baseline, we found significant economic resources used by school systems, families, and health systems to support students with anxiety ($3,660-$5,350 per child). At three-month follow-up, total resource use- including intervention costs and all other services -- was lower for children in CALM but higher for CALM-R. For CALM, the implementation cost was more than offset by subsequent resource savings. Moreover, at three month follow up, responder status per child was higher for CALM (60%) than for CALM-R (35%). Thus, CALM students required fewer resources and experienced greater clinical benefits than students in CALM-R. Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Analysis showed that CALM was more cost-effective than CALM-R: the cost per incremental responder student was $6,291 lower. CALM has a high probability of acceptance across all positive values of willingness to pay for anxiety reduction. Evidence from this study indicates that cognitive behavioral skills delivered by school nurses may offer a cost-effective response to childhood anxiety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40471343What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.