Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40470992›Full record

ArticleThe journal of spinal cord medicine2026

Cerebrolysin-loaded platelet-rich plasma exosomes: Restoring immune homeostasis via TNF-α/IL-10 modulation and apoptosis targeting for spinal cord injury repair.

Naeimeh Akbari-Gharalari, Zeinab Aliyari-Serej, Maryam Ghahremani-Nasab, Hamid Soltani Zangbar, Yahya Yahyavi, Farshad Nezhadshahmohammad, Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan

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Article in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Naeimeh Akbari-GharalariNeurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Zeinab Aliyari-SerejDepartment of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Maryam Ghahremani-NasabStem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Hamid Soltani ZangbarDepartment of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Yahya YahyaviDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Farshad NezhadshahmohammadDepartment of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Abbas Ebrahimi-KalanDepartment of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CONTEXT/

objectiveSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe condition characterized by neuronal apoptosis and inflammation, with limited therapeutic options. This study aimed to assess the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-derived exosomes (Exo), Cerebrolysin (CBL), and Cerebrolysin-loaded exosomes (CLE) on inflammation, apoptosis, tissue organization, and motor function recovery in a mouse model of compression SCI.

designAn experimental study using a mouse model of SCI, investigating the effects of Exo, CBL, and CLE treatments.

settingLaboratory-based research in a controlled environment.

participantsSixty healthy adult female BALB/c mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 24 ± 2 g were used. SCI was induced via compression to model SCI.

interventionsMice with induced SCI were treated with Exo, CBL, or CLE. Apoptosis was assessed by Bax and Bcl2 expression. Inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-10 were measured. Histological analysis examined tissue organization, and motor function recovery was evaluated using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale. OUTCOME MEASURES: The study measured Bax and Bcl2 expression, TNF-α and IL-10 levels, tissue organization, and motor function recovery.

resultsCLE treatment significantly modulated Bax and Bcl2 expression, reducing apoptosis and enhancing neuronal survival. TNF-α levels decreased, indicating reduced inflammation, while IL-10 levels increased, showing anti-inflammatory effects. Histological assessment revealed improved tissue organization, and motor function recovery was significantly enhanced as measured by BBB scores.

conclusionCLE showed neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, reducing apoptosis and inflammation while promoting tissue repair and motor function recovery in SCI, making it a promising therapeutic candidate.

Indexed as

Amino AcidsApoptosisExosomesInterleukin-10Neuroprotective AgentsPlatelet-Rich PlasmaSpinal Cord InjuriesTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHomeostasisMiceMice, Inbred BALB CRecovery of FunctionAmino AcidscerebrolysinIL10 protein, mouseInterleukin-10Neuroprotective AgentsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCerebrolysinDrug deliveryPRP-Derived exosomesSpinal cord injuryTarget therapy

Identifiers

PMID40470992
PMCPMC12931343

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.