Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40470749›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025

BrainFusion: a Low-Code, Reproducible, and Deployable Software Framework for Multimodal Brain‒Computer Interface and Brain‒Body Interaction Research.

Wenhao Li, Chenyang Gao, Zhaobo Li, Yunheng Diao, Jiaxin Li, Jiayi Zhou, Jing Zhou, Ying Peng, Guanchu Chen, Xuecheng Wu and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Wenhao LiSchool of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
Chenyang GaoSchool of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
Zhaobo LiSchool of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
Yunheng DiaoSchool of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
Jiaxin LiSchool of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Jiayi ZhouSchool of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
Jing ZhouSchool of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Ying PengSchool of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
Guanchu ChenSchool of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
Xuecheng WuSchool of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
Kai WuSchool of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China.

Funding

Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province 2022A1515140142Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Outstanding Youth Project 2021B1515020064Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong 2023B0303010003Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong 2023B0303020001National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC2414500National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC2414504Natural Science Foundation of China 72174082Natural Science Foundation of China 81971585Natural Science Foundation of China 82271953Natural Science Foundation of China 82301688Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province 2024A1515013058Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou 202201010093Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou 202206010034Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou 202206010077Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou 202206060005Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou 202206080005Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou 2023A03J0839Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou 2023A03J0856
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents BrainFusion, a unified software framework designed to improve reproducibility and support translational applications in multimodal brain-computer interface (BCI) and brain-body interaction research. While ​electroencephalography (EEG)​​-based BCIs have advanced considerably, integrating multimodal physiological signals remains hindered by analytical complexity, limited standardization, and challenges in real-world deployment. BrainFusion addresses these gaps through standardized data structures, automated preprocessing pipelines, cross-modal feature engineering, and integrated machine learning modules. Its application generator further enables streamlined deployment of workflows as standalone executables. Demonstrated in two case studies, BrainFusion achieves 95.5% accuracy in within-subject EEG-functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)​​ motor imagery classification using ensemble modeling and 80.2% accuracy in EEG-electrocardiography (ECG)​​ sleep staging using deep learning, with the latter successfully deployed as an executable tool. Supporting EEG, fNIRS, electromyography (EMG)​, and ECG, BrainFusion provides a low-code, visually guided environment, facilitating accessibility and bridging the gap between multimodal research and application in real world.

Indexed as

BrainBrain-Computer InterfacesSoftwareElectrocardiographyElectroencephalographyElectromyographyHumansReproducibility of ResultsSpectroscopy, Near-Infraredapplication deploymentbrain‒body interactionsbrain‒computer interfacemultimodal physiological signalsneurovascular coupling

Identifiers

PMID40470749
PMCPMC12407257

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.