ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Stroke Mortality Risk Factors: Global Trends and Regional Variations (1990-2021).
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Rate and key predictors of unplanned readmission following ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Article
- Survival, Recorded Disability, and Neurorehabilitation After Advanced Endovascular Stroke Care in Kazakhstan: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Awareness of Stroke Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Utilization of Neuroradiology Services Among the General Public in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Investigating acoustic startle priming-induced cortical network reorganization in post-stroke dysarthria: a fNIRS study.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Risk factors profile and outcomes of stroke in low resources settings: a prospective and multicentric study in a sub-Saharan Africa country.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Observational
- Post-Thrombectomy Pulse Pressure Trajectories and Outcomes in Middle-Aged and Older Stroke Patients.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Article
- Neutrophil-Membrane Biomimetic Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Imperatorin to Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Nrf2/ARE/Keap1 Pathway.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Ischaemic Stroke in Patients with Known Atrial Fibrillation: A Snapshot from a Large University Hospital Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal patterns and future trends of global ischemic stroke burden.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStroke is a major global health challenge, affected by many risk factors. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for death induced by 3 primary stroke subtypes from 1990 to 2021 by using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database.
methodsWe examine the risk factors for death induced by 3 stroke subtypes: ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The sociodemographic index (SDI) measures the impact of socioeconomic development on disease burden. Age-standardized death rates and estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to analyze trends.
resultsIn 2021, the global mortality rates of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage were substantial, with age-standardized death rates of 44.18, 39.09, and 4.18 per 100 000 people, respectively. The risk factors for stroke-induced death varied on the basis of region, age, and sex, with stronger impacts observed in low-SDI regions, among older individuals, and among men. Although most of the observed risk factors are decreasing globally, this trend is more pronounced in high-SDI regions. Notably, household air pollution from solid fuels remains a significant issue in low-SDI regions. High systolic blood pressure is the strongest risk factor for all stroke types, with the burden increasing rapidly among older adults. High body mass index and ambient particulate matter pollution are exhibiting increasing age-standardized death rates, particularly in middle- and low-SDI regions.
conclusionsIn the future, preventive measures against stroke-induced mortality should focus on low-SDI regions, older individuals, and men. Controlling high blood pressure and improving the environment will greatly reduce the burden of stroke.
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