SynthesisFrontiers in neurology2025
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation parameters for neurological diseases: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Focused and unfocused transcranial ultrasound stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Probing the linguistic cerebellum: a qualitative review of the effects of cerebellar neurostimulation on language processing.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique with promising clinical potential. Its therapeutic efficacy and safety are significantly influenced by stimulation parameters. This study investigates how various stimulation parameters modulate human brain function, offering insights for optimizing stimulation protocols to improve clinical and research outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the Medline-PubMed, Web of Science, Medline-Ovid, Embase, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases using the keyword "transcranial ultrasound stimulation," covering publications up to September 24, 2024. Two researchers independently screened articles according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Extracted data included article details, demographic information, interventions, study design, data analysis, and results. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools. Multiple linear regression analysis explored the relationship between TUS parameters and human physiological responses. Results: Thirty-five studies were included, consisting of 10 randomized controlled trials and 25 other studies, involving 664 participants (over 34% female) aged 10 to 90 years. Eighteen studies used focused transcranial ultrasound (fTUS), six used non-focused TUS (no-fTUS), and 11 used transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS). Fundamental frequencies ranged from 220 to 650 kHz, and spatial peak pulse average intensities (I Conclusion: TUS demonstrates disease-specific therapeutic potential, with low-frequency protocols targeting neurodegenerative disorders and high-frequency parameters effectively alleviating motor symptoms. Core parameters (fundamental frequency, pulse repetition frequency, mechanical index) modulate neuroplasticity-driven outcomes, accompanied by mild transient adverse effects (incidence < 5%). Large-scale randomized trials integrating multimodal navigation are required to standardize dose-response frameworks and refine spatial targeting for clinical translation. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42024601735.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.