ReviewSurgical neurology international2025
Use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Review in Surgical neurology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Non-invasive brain stimulation for cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- From Functional Mapping to Functional Recovery: The Emerging Role of Neuronavigated rTMS in Neurorehabilitation.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Inflammatory profiling for precision neurorehabilitation after traumatic brain injury and stroke: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- A scoping review on the essential role of global neurotrauma in achieving the sustainable development goals.Discover public health · 2026Review
- Advanced imaging-integrated rTMS therapy for frontal network recovery after traumatic brain injury.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an injury resulting from external force exerted directly or indirectly on the skull. This is presently the major cause of mortality and disability among youth globally. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was proposed for the treatment of various neurological disorders such as TBI. We conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of rTMS in TBI patients. Methods: We conducted our database searching on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception till August 2024 to look for articles that fulfil our aim. The search strategy was based on two main keywords: "Transcranial magnetic stimulation" AND "Traumatic brain injury." We conducted the pooled analysis of continuous variables using standardized mean difference (SMD) due to difference in measurement scales. Results: Seven randomized controlled trials were included. A statistically significant improvement in cognitive function was observed after rTMS compared to control group with SMD of 0.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25, 1.14, Conclusion: The use of rTMS is associated with improved cognitive functions and reduction in pain. No effect was observed regarding depression but future studies are still warranted in this important clinical field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.