ArticleSurgical neurology international2025
Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: Current update on diagnosis, treatments, and outcomes.
Article in Surgical neurology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Propranolol monotherapy versus combined propranolol-gabapentin for prevention of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Recognising and differentiating paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after severe traumatic brain injury: a practical diagnostic approach.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Sympathetic hyperactivation following endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a rare and underrecognized postoperative complication. Illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of somatosensory evoked potentials for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a severe dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system, often resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). With a prevalence of 10-30% in TBI patients, PSH poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study reviews advancements in diagnosis, management, and outcomes associated with PSH. Methods: A comprehensive literature review of studies published in the past decade was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Keywords included PSH, diagnostic criteria, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes. Results: The PSH Assessment Measure (PSH-AM), combining the clinical feature scale and diagnosis likelihood tool, enhances early detection and differentiates PSH from similar conditions. Acute management using opioids and benzodiazepines proved effective, while beta-blockers and alpha-2 agonists reduced episodic recurrence. Despite improved diagnostic accuracy, challenges persist, such as overlapping symptoms and difficulty quantifying autonomic dysfunction. PSH is associated with prolonged hospital stays and poorer neurological outcomes, emphasizing the importance of timely intervention. Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis using tools like PSH-AM is essential for mitigating PSH-related complications. Future research should explore biomarkers and personalized therapies to refine diagnosis and optimize long-term outcomes through multicenter trials.
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Registered trials
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