Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40469320›Full record

ArticleSurgical neurology international2025

Novel untethered micro-robotic platform developed for minimally invasive ultra-selective microsurgical procedures and targeted drug delivery: Preliminary characterization of tissue response to intraparenchymal navigation in ovine brain.

William Loudon, Michael Kardosh, Florent Cros, Be'eri Katznelson, Aviv Shtein, Katerina Fedotenko, Didi Castel, Olin J Palmer, Alexander Kiselyov

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Surgical neurology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

William LoudonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, California, United States.
Michael KardoshDepartment of Research and Development, Bionaut Labs Inc., Culver City, Israel.
Florent CrosDepartment of Research and Development, Bionaut Labs Inc., Culver City, Israel.
Be'eri KatznelsonDepartment of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Dan, Israel.
Aviv ShteinDepartment of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Dan, Israel.
Katerina FedotenkoDepartment of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Dan, Israel.
Didi CastelDepartment of Research and Development, Leviev Heart Center at Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Olin J PalmerDepartment of Research and Development, Bionaut Labs Inc., Culver City, Israel.
Alexander KiselyovDepartment of Research and Development, Bionaut Labs Inc., Culver City, Israel.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: To expand surgical options for safe, minimally invasive microsurgical procedures or targeted delivery of diverse therapeutics, a novel untethered micro-robotic platform is presented. This technology enables precision travel to predetermined central nervous system (CNS) parenchymal and complex cerebrospinal fluid pathway targets. Methods: Utilizing an Results: No deaths or surgical complications occurred in either group. No neurological or behavioral differences were identified between the groups. No significant differences in gross or microscopic tissue pathology were identified when comparing the channels created by the micro-robot to the catheter control group. Conclusion: These findings support the equivalence of tissue responses to this micro-robot navigation compared to catheter insertion as a preliminary surrogate for addressing the safety and accuracy of this novel platform. This platform may set a new standard for safe, anatomically precise, and minimally invasive therapeutic procedures. The described approach offers untethered navigation, capable of traversing CNS tissues in controlled, complex, curvilinear trajectories. Preliminary results utilizing this micro-robotic capacity to deliver diverse therapeutic payloads are discussed. Novel applications designed to address CNS pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, neuro-oncology, and functional and microsurgical procedures, are proposed.

Indexed as

BionautBlood-brain barrierCerebrospinal fluid navigationIntraparenchymal navigationMicro-robotParenchymal channeling

Identifiers

PMID40469320
PMCPMC12134885

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.