Association of accelerated biological aging with kidney stone: Insights from the U.S. National health and nutrition examination survey.

Objective: Biological age is a more accurate measure of aging than chronological age. This study examines the association between biological age and the prevalence of kidney stones. Methods: Data were sourced from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018 cycles. Biological age was assessed using the Klemera-Doubal Method (KDM-Age) and Phenotypic Age (Pheno-Age). Residuals from the regression of biological age measures on chronological age were computed to determine KDM-Age and Pheno-Age acceleration. Weighted chi-square tests, linear trend analyses, and multivariable logistic regression models were used. Results: A total of 17,905 people were included. The weighted prevalence of kidney stones significantly rose with increasing quartiles of chronological age, KDM-Age, and Pheno-Age in the overall population, and across sex and age subgroups. Significant increasing trends in prevalence were observed across Pheno-Age acceleration quartiles for sex and age subgroups, especially in males and younger individuals (< 65 years) (P for linear trend <0.001). No significant trends were observed for KDM-Age acceleration quartiles in any subgroup. Higher Pheno-Age acceleration was significantly associated with an elevated risk of kidney stones (OR = 1.32, 95 % CI: 1.12-1.55), with notably stronger associations observed in males and younger individuals. Conclusions: Elevated Pheno-Age levels are associated with an increased prevalence of kidney stones, particularly among males and younger individuals. These findings underscore the potential utility of Pheno-Age in identifying individuals at high risk for kidney stones and facilitating early intervention.