ArticleiScience2025
Immune imprinting and antibody profiles to SARS-CoV-2 in urban and rural Ghana.
Article in iScience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection reveals imprinted antibody responses in the absence of vaccination.iScience · 2026Article
- Optimizing mouse models for mRNA vaccines: addressing dose translation challenges.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Post-Pandemic Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 D614G Variant in Rural and Urban Ghana.Viruses · 2026Article
- High prevalence of human coronaviruses in rural and urban Ghana in the post-COVID-19 era.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- Assessing COVID-19 IgG levels among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals in Mthatha - South africa: A case-control approach.Virusdisease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infections with SARS-CoV-2 and the development of immunity to the virus and its antigenic variants have been unevenly documented globally, with African populations particularly understudied. As SARS-CoV-2 transitions toward being an endemic pathogen, a more nuanced understanding of immune protection in diverse populations is required. In 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,000 Ghanaian residents to assess SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and antibody correlates of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. We found an active SARS-CoV-2 infection rate of 1.3% and a 57% vaccination rate. We observed anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike plasma antibody sero-positivity of 98.7%, with urban compared to rural residents having higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma and saliva antibody concentrations. Vaccinated and urban individuals exhibited significantly greater Spike-pseudotyped virus neutralization than nonvaccinated and rural individuals. Notably, plasma antibodies preferentially bound Wuhan-Hu-1 over Omicron Spike variants. Our findings indicate significant prior and ongoing SARS-CoV-2 transmission as well as immunological imprinting by Wuhan-Hu-1-like SARS-CoV-2 in Ghana.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.