ArticleInterventional pain medicine2025
Tendon modification with percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Tenotomy using TENEX®: A histological and macroscopic analysis of a bovine cadaveric model.
Article in Interventional pain medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Chronic tendinopathy treatment remains elusive; however, percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Tenotomy using TENEX® (PUTT) has demonstrated promising clinical outcomes, but the mechanism of action is not clearly defined. This study aims to describe potential mechanisms using an ex-vivo animal model. The objective of the study is to examine the histological effects of PUTT on the bovine soleus tendon across varying treatment durations. Methods: Twelve bovine soleus tendons were allocated to four cohorts to undergo PUTT for 1, 3, 5, and 7 min. Each specimen was treated on one side, the opposite side serving as a control. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were conducted to assess tendon sheath, fascicle, and perineural disruption. Fascicle penetration was measured using ImageJ software. Statistical analyses were performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), with significance levels set at p < 0.05. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic examination revealed progressive separation of the paratenon, peritendinous nerves, and fascicles, correlating with increased treatment duration. Fascicle penetration depths were 0.1 mm, 2.57 mm, 2.61 mm, and 3.93 mm at 1, 3, 5, and 7 min, respectively. ANOVA confirmed significant differences among groups (F (3, 8) = 620.898, p < 0.001), with a large effect size (η Conclusion: PUTT induces significant structural changes in the paratenon and fascicle layer with longer treatment duration, resulting in more pronounced modifications.
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