Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40469029›Full record

ArticleJournal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID2025

Investigating the Impact of Embedded Learning Opportunities on the Engagement of Children With Autism and Intellectual Disability.

Salih Rakap, Serife Balikci

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Salih RakapDepartment of Specialized Education Services, School of Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-3825
Serife BalikciDepartment of Specialized Education Services, School of Education, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.

Funding

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu 115K427
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEngagement is essential for fostering learning and development in young children with disabilities, including those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID).

methodsThis study used a non-concurrent multiple-baseline across participants design to examine the effects of embedded learning opportunities (ELOs) on engagement and learning in four preschool-aged children diagnosed with ASD and ID.

resultsResults showed a consistent increase in engagement for each child following the introduction of ELOs by teachers, with children generalising this engagement to other settings and sustaining high engagement levels during follow-up. Additionally, enhanced engagement was linked with improvements in independent performance of target behaviours. Social validity data from teachers further supported the intervention's effectiveness.

conclusionsThese findings highlight ELOs as a promising and individualised approach to enhancing engagement and learning outcomes for preschool children with dual diagnoses of ASD and ID.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderIntellectual DisabilityLearningChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleautism and intellectual disabilityembedded learning opportunitiesengagementinclusionpreschoolyoung children

Identifiers

PMID40469029
PMCPMC12138739

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.