ReviewAnimal models and experimental medicine2025
Respiratory virus mRNA vaccines: mRNA Design, clinical studies, and future challenges.
Review in Animal models and experimental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Colorectal cancer and tumor vaccines (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Delineating RSV-A and RSV-B: Epidemiological Patterns, Diagnostics, Clinical Severity, and Preventive Approaches.Journal of medical virology · 2026Review
- Global landscape of mRNA vaccine clinical trials: a systematic analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov data.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Respiratory virus mRNA vaccines: mRNA Design, clinical studies, and future challenges.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Respiratory infectious diseases frequently erupt on a global scale, with RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, RSV, and influenza viruses, posing challenges to vaccine development due to their high mutation rates. Traditional vaccine development cycles are lengthy and struggle to keep pace with rapidly evolving viruses, whereas messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have demonstrated significant advantages due to their short development periods, straightforward production, and low costs. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple mRNA vaccines, including Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, rapidly received emergency use authorization, validating their feasibility. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 was awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, underscoring the efficacy of mRNA vaccine technology. In 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Moderna's respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mRNA vaccine marked the immense potential of mRNA technology in vaccine innovation. This review article summarizes the design, clinical research, and future challenges of mRNA vaccines for respiratory viruses, delving into antigen design, mRNA delivery systems, and advancements in vaccines for multiple respiratory viruses, including innovations in self-amplifying mRNA and circular mRNA vaccines. Additionally, the development of combination vaccines is underway, aiming to provide protection against multiple viruses through a single administration. Despite the significant progress in mRNA vaccine development, challenges remain regarding raw material costs, stability, and delivery efficiency. In the future, with technological advancements and the accumulation of clinical experience, the design strategies and delivery systems of mRNA vaccines are expected to be continuously optimized, thereby enhancing their safety and efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.