Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40468358›Full record

ReviewCell communication and signaling : CCS2025

Functionalized exosomes for targeted therapy in cancer and regenerative medicine: genetic, chemical, and physical modifications.

Salar Ghaffari Gabaran, Navid Ghasemzadeh, Maryam Rahnama, Erkan Karatas, Ali Akbari, Jafar Rezaie

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Salar Ghaffari GabaranDepartment of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Navid Ghasemzadeh *Solid Tumor Research Centre, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Resalat St., Jahad Stop St, P.O. BoX:1138, Urmia, 57147, West Azarbaijan, Iran.
Maryam Rahnama *Solid Tumor Research Centre, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Resalat St., Jahad Stop St, P.O. BoX:1138, Urmia, 57147, West Azarbaijan, Iran.
Erkan KaratasDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, 25100, Turkey.
Ali Akbari *Solid Tumor Research Centre, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Resalat St., Jahad Stop St, P.O. BoX:1138, Urmia, 57147, West Azarbaijan, Iran. akbari.a@umsu.ac.ir.
Jafar Rezaie *Solid Tumor Research Centre, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Resalat St., Jahad Stop St, P.O. BoX:1138, Urmia, 57147, West Azarbaijan, Iran. rezaie.j@umsu.ac.ir.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, have been extensively discovered for their function in various diseases and potential therapeutic properties. In this review, we aimed to describe the therapeutic roles of functionalized exosomes in cancer and regenerative medicine.

methodsIn this review study, we studied numerous articles over the past two decades published on the application of exosomes in different diseases, as well as on perspectives and challenges in this field.

resultsRecent advancements have shown that exosomes can be used as a drug delivery system. However, this approach faces challenges such as low efficiency and non-targeting effects. Different methods, including genetic, chemical, and physical modifications, are used to functionalize exosome surfaces to address these limitations. In some cases, a combination of modification methods has been used to produce smart exosomes. Different therapeutic agents have been inserted on exosome surfaces by different modification methods. These functionalized exosomes can effectively deliver therapeutic agents to target cells. A growing body of evidence shows that functionalized exosomes are promising for cancer therapy and regenerative medicine. They can not only effectively deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells, inhibiting tumorigenesis, but also efficiently contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by increasing cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss different modification methods used to functionalize exosomes and related studies. In addition, we describe the application of functionalized exosomes in cancer and regeneration, along with challenges and perspectives.

conclusionsAlthough functionalized exosomes show promising results, further studies are essential for the clinical translation of these exosomes.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsExosomesGenetic TherapyNeoplasmsRegenerative MedicineAnimalsHumansMolecular Targeted TherapyAntineoplastic AgentsChemical modificationExosomesExtracellular vesiclesModified exosomes

Identifiers

PMID40468358
PMCPMC12135327

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.