SynthesisBMC cancer2025
Hepatitis B and C virus infection and risk of multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evaluating the prognostic value of body mass index in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Genetic architecture of multiple myeloma: From somatic alterations to germline susceptibility and clinical implications.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- MAGa: Monoclonal Autoimmune Gammopathies.Cancers · 2026Review
- Case Report: Systemic amyloidosis unmasked by progressive hepatomegaly after splenectomy for non-traumatic spleen rupture in a patient with chronic liver disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferative disorder of plasma cells with limited curative options. Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses have been implicated in the development of various hematological malignancies, but their association with MM remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the risk of MM in individuals with HBV and HCV infections.
methodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and additional sources for cohort and case-control studies published between January 1990 and January 2025. The relative risk (RR) of developing MM in individuals with HBV and HCV infections was pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age, geographic region, and diagnostic method. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess study quality. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic, and publication bias was assessed using Egger's test.
resultsSeventeen studies, comprising 1 cohort and 16 case-control studies, were included. Nine studies examined the association between HBV and MM, yielding a pooled RR of 1.25 (95% CI: 0.99-1.58) with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 56.52%). Fifteen studies evaluated the association between HCV and MM, with a pooled RR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.27-2.67), indicating a higher risk in HCV-infected individuals. Subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association in European populations for both HBV (RR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.05-2.66) and HCV (RR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.21-4.25). No significant publication bias was detected for either HBV or HCV analyses.
conclusionHBV and HCV infections are associated with an increased risk of developing multiple myeloma, with HCV demonstrating a stronger association. These findings highlight the importance of screening and monitoring patients with chronic hepatitis for potential hematological malignancies, especially in high-risk regions.
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