Observational studyBMC public health2025
Effects of extreme air pollution and El Niño Southern Oscillation on insufficient sleep: a cross-sectional study.
Observational study in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWhile there are many well understood clinical risk factors on sleep patterns, the associations of environmental factors, specifically air pollution on insufficient sleep remains understudied. This study investigates the association between insufficient sleep and particulate matter 2.5 (PM
methodA cross-sectional observational analysis using annual survey data from 3100 United States counties for adult (≥ 18 years) age-adjusted insufficient sleep prevalence from 2017 to 2024. Annual average county-specific PM
resultsFrom 2017 to 2024, the United States annual insufficient sleep is 34% [range min to max: 23-49%]. With respect to low PM
conclusionLong-term (i.e. annual) effects of air pollution can pose a risk on adult sleep. While El Niño and La Niña phases were found to be a significant effect modifier, yet during the neutral phase the risks for extreme PM
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