Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40466634›Full record

ArticleNeuron2025

Identification of the velum interpositum as a meningeal-CNS route for myeloid cell trafficking into the brain.

Lindsay A Hohsfield, Sung Jin Kim, Rocio A Barahona, Caden M Henningfield, Kimiya Mansour, Kristen D Vallejo, Kate I Tsourmas, Nellie E Kwang, Yasamine Ghorbanian, Julio Alejandro Ayala Angulo and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. A new myeloid cell migration route.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Lindsay A HohsfieldDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address: lhohsfie@uci.edu.
Sung Jin KimDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Rocio A BarahonaDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Caden M HenningfieldDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Kimiya MansourDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Kristen D VallejoDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Kate I TsourmasDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Nellie E KwangDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Yasamine GhorbanianSue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Julio Alejandro Ayala AnguloSue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Pan GaoDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Neural Circuit Mapping (CNCM), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Collin PachowDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Matthew A InlaySue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Craig M WalshSue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Xiangmin XuDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Neural Circuit Mapping (CNCM), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Thomas E LaneDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Virus Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Kim N GreenDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address: kngreen@uci.edu.

Funding

UC Irvine MODEL-ADU54AG054349 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI FRANK M LAFERLA · 2017 to 2026
$71.9M
Origins, properties, and therapeutic potential of cells that repopulate the microglia-depleted adult brainR01NS083801 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Kim Green · 2014 to 2026
$5.6M
Defining mechanisms of disease and repair in a viral model of multiple sclerosisR35NS116835 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Thomas E Lane · 2020 to 2026
$5.0M
Training Program in Stem Cell Translational Medicine for Neurological DisordersT32NS082174 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI PETER John DONOVAN, Leslie Michels Thompson · 2013 to 2026
$3.3M
Microglia are necessary for cortical plaque formation in Alzheimer's diseaseRF1AG056768 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI GREEN, KIM · 2018 to 2018
$2.7M
Role of Disease-Associated Microglia in Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG081599 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Kim Green · 2024 to 2026
$2.3M
Neuroimmunology Training Program at the University of California, IrvineT32NS121727 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Kim Green, Thomas E Lane · 2022 to 2026
$854k
Customized cleared tissue light-sheet fluorescence microscope for imaging large brain samplesS10MH124715 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI XU, XIANGMIN · 2021 to 2021
$436k
Selective targeting and treatment of plaque associated microglia in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s DiseaseF31AG072852 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI HENNINGFIELD, CADEN MICHAEL · 2021 to 2023
$127k
NIA NIH HHS F31 AG072852NIA NIH HHS R01 AG081599NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG056768NIA NIH HHS U54 AG054349NIMH NIH HHS S10 MH124715NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS083801NINDS NIH HHS R35 NS116835NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS082174NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS121727
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The borders of the central nervous system (CNS) host a repertoire of immune cells and mediate critical neuroimmune interactions, including the infiltration of peripheral myeloid cells into the CNS. Despite the fundamental role of leukocyte infiltration under physiological and pathological conditions, the neuroanatomical route of cell entry into the brain remains unclear. Here, we describe a specialized structure underneath the hippocampus, the velum interpositum (VI), that serves as a site for myeloid cell entry into the CNS. The VI functions as an extra-parenchymal leptomeningeal extension containing distinct myeloid cells subsets. Fate-mapping studies confirm meningeal and peripheral myeloid cell occupancy within the VI. Additionally, we highlight the distinct use of this route in the developing, irradiated, and demyelinating disease brain, indicating that myeloid cell trafficking through the VI could have important clinical implications for neurological disease.

Indexed as

BrainCell MovementHippocampusMeningesMyeloid CellsAnimalsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Transgenicbasement membranebraincolony-stimulating factor 1 receptorCSF1Rdemyelinating diseaseimmune cell traffickinginfiltrationmeningesmicrogliamyeloid cellsvelum interpositum

Identifiers

PMID40466634
PMCPMC12331438

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.