Nutritional status of healthcare professionals in primary health and social care.

Balanced nutrition is crucial for healthcare workers' health and performance. Despite extensive knowledge of healthy eating, they face organizational and behavioral barriers leading to suboptimal diets. This study aimed to compare anthropometric status and dietary intake among male physicians, female physicians, and nurses in primary healthcare, and to identify deficiencies or excesses of key nutrients. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in six clinics in Karaganda (2023-2024), involving 202 participants (22 male physicians, 67 female physicians, and 113 nurses). Body composition (weight, fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass, metabolic age) was assessed via Tanita BC-418MA bioelectrical impedance. Dietary intake was measured using repeated 24-hour recalls for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Statistical analysis included nonparametric methods (Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's test) and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results showed insufficient intake of proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and vitamins B₁, B₂, PP, and C. Sodium intake was excessive in all groups, whereas iron deficiency was observed only in women. Male physicians had higher body weight, muscle mass, and bone mass than female groups, but there were no significant differences in BMI, metabolic age, or overall dietary composition among the groups. Female physicians consumed slightly more vitamin C than nurses. In conclusion, gender and professional role minimally influenced dietary patterns among primary healthcare workers. Despite mostly normal BMI values, the pervasive lack of essential nutrients, coupled with high sodium and fat consumption, emphasizes the need for institutional measures such as structured schedules and healthier food options.