ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025
A lifespan perspective on cognitive reserve and risk for dementia.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of the association between life-course socioeconomic status and late-life cognitive decline.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Pooled it
- Menopause and neurological disorders: a roadmap for research.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Theoretical and practical challenges for capturing reserve and resilience in aging and Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Quantifying the Uncertainty and Risk Contributions of Activities of Daily Living Features in Dementia Prediction.Proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics · 2026Article
- Moderating effects of educational inequality on education polygenic scores, attained education and dementia-risk relationships.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Rethinking Alzheimer's disease susceptibility and heterogeneity. Comment on Miller et al.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Educational attainment is associated with reduced functional decline in Puerto Ricans with elevated pTau181.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- An interpretable machine learning screening model for MoCA-defined possible mild cognitive impairment in rural Xinjiang: a preliminary framework for resource-limited primary care.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cognitive Resilience in Apolipoprotein ε4 Carrier Women Predicted by Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Early cognitive ability and dementia risk: Patterns beyond education and mortality.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Early cognitive ability and dementia risk: Response to Chen and colleagues.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- A lifespan perspective on cognitive reserve and risk for dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Relationships among young adult general cognitive ability, midlife physical activity, and early late-life cognitive functioning: A four-decade longitudinal cohort study in men.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe addressed whether higher education plays a causal role in reducing dementia risk by comparing two indices of cognitive reserve: education and young adult general cognitive ability (GCA).
methodsWe conducted a 52-year survival analysis to examine associations of GCA and education with dementia in 16,619 male conscripts identified in Swedish national health registries born between 1936 and 1958 and with available data for models including midlife occupational complexity, physical activity, and socioeconomic status (SES).
resultsHigher GCA was associated with lower dementia risk (hazard ratio = 0.865, 95% confidence interval = 0.756 to 0.990). After accounting for GCA, no other measure contributed significantly to dementia risk. DISCUSSION: Putative reserve effects of education or occupational complexity likely reflect largely downstream effects of prior GCA. From a lifespan perspective on reducing dementia risk, the results may suggest favoring interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive development during childhood when there is substantial brain development as opposed to later-life cognitive training. HIGHLIGHTS: Education and GCA serve as indices of cognitive reserve. Education is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with dementia risk. The effect of higher education on reduced dementia risk is not directly causal. Education is largely a downstream effect of prior level of GCA. Increasing GCA during childhood may be more effective than later cognitive training.
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