Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40465537›Full record

ArticleNeurodegenerative disease management2026

Longitudinal patterns of loss of independence in Parkinson disease.

Tsung-Ying Lee, Lisa M Shulman, Ann L Gruber-Baldini, Julia F Slejko, Mathangi Gopalakrishnan, Eberechukwu Onukwugha

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Article in Neurodegenerative disease management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Tsung-Ying LeeDepartment of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lisa M ShulmanDepartment of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ann L Gruber-BaldiniDepartment of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Julia F SlejkoDepartment of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mathangi GopalakrishnanDepartment of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Eberechukwu OnukwughaDepartment of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo examine the longitudinal loss of independence (LOI) in Parkinson disease (PD) and introduce event visualization as a research tool.

methodsEarly-stage PD patients seen by a movement disorders specialist from 2003-2020 were included. LOI, defined as needing help with activities of daily living (ADLs), was assessed using the modified Older Americans Resources and Services Daily Function Questionnaire. EventFlow software visualized LOI patterns.

resultsThe cohort included 296 patients (mean age 60.8; 61% male; 94% Hoehn & Yahr stages 1-2). At baseline, 91% were independent. LOI occurred in 133 patients for ≥ 1 ADL, and in 95 patients for ≥ 3 ADLs. Housework was the most frequent first ADL needing help (58 of 133), with a mean onset of 4.6 years. Among those with LOI, 57 (43%) regained independence at least once.

conclusionLOI in PD shows both transient and persistent patterns. Event visualization may aid understanding of progression and support patient counseling.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingParkinson DiseaseAgedDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle Agedactivities of daily livingdisabilityevent patterns visualizationloss of independenceParkinson diseasepatient-reported outcome

Identifiers

PMID40465537
PMCPMC12826740

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.