ReviewThe Journal of general virology2025
H5N1 2.3.4.4b: a review of mammalian adaptations and risk of pandemic emergence.
Review in The Journal of general virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- Respiratory pandemic risk in the Anthropocene: A One Health framework and GISRS+ agenda.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Infection of ratites with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV H5N1: potential implications for zoonotic risk.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Reassortment of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza as a Driver for Zoonotic Spillover, Asia.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Article
- A colorimetric readout based on the PrestoBlue® dye as an objective method for measuring neutralizing antibodies against influenza virus in human serum samples.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Comprehensive pathological, immunohistochemical, and apoptotic analysis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza a virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in poultry in Taiwan.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Cellular tropism of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in human respiratory and bovine mammary epithelial cells.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- H5N1 influenza binding and cell entry via human class II MHC, and blocking by cross-reactive antibodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An overview of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b and its emerging threat in mainland Australia: Identified knowledge gaps.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- On the brink of emergence: an evolutionary approach to Influenza A virus H5N1 isolated from humans.Virus research · 2026Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in poultry and domestic cats and occupational exposure among veterinary and other first responders, Germany, February 2026.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Two decades (2005 to 2025) of avian influenza research trends, knowledge gaps and distribution of emerging H5N1 2.3.4.4b clade in South Asia.One health outlook · 2026Article
- Polymerase mutations underlie early adaptation of H5N1 influenza virus to dairy cattle and other mammals.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Avian Influenza Viruses: Global Panzootic, Host Range Expansion and Emerging One-Health Threats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Serologic Investigation of Poultry Farm Workers Associated with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreaks in the Republic of Korea during the 2024-2025 season.Public health weekly report · 2026Article
- The cycle of infectious fever - how it affects bacterial infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Surveillance without silos: a One Health data imperative for avian influenza in West Africa.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1e lineage transition in Lao PDR during 2023-2024 associated with regional spread and human infection risk-associated receptor-binding features.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Detection of Avian Influenza H5-Specific Antibodies by Chemiluminescent Assays.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Predicting host tropism in influenza a viruses: insights from multi-segment nucleotide signatures.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses can cause severe disease when they spill over into mammalian and human hosts. H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has spread globally since 2021, decimating avian species, and has spilled over into mammalian species, causing sporadic infections and fatal outbreaks in sea lions, cats, mink and dairy cattle. Increased human cases of H5N1 are fuelling concern that H5N1 could soon adapt to become a new pandemic virus. Adaptive mutations have emerged following spillover, which support H5N1 outbreaks in mammalian populations and include changes to the PB2 such as E627K, D701N, M631L and T271A. Further changes to haemagglutinin, altering binding preference to human-like
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.