Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40464373›Full record

ArticleClinical implant dentistry and related research2025

In Vitro Analysis of Structural Integrity and Surface Alterations of Reused Healing Abutments.

Won-Woo Lee, Jong-Hun Jun, Jeong-Hun Lee, Soorack Ryu, Kyung-Gyun Hwang, Chang-Joo Park

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical implant dentistry and related research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Won-Woo LeeDivision of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jong-Hun JunDivision of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Jeong-Hun LeeDivision of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Soorack RyuDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
Kyung-Gyun HwangDivision of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8713-660X
Chang-Joo ParkDivision of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6895-9854

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to investigate the changes in healing abutments (HAs) after use based on an in vitro comparison with unused HAs and to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical implications of reusing HAs. MATERIALS AND

methodsFifty used HAs were collected from affiliated clinics of the Department of Dentistry at Hanyang University Hospital and analyzed for surface damage, protein contamination, and microgap formation using three-dimensional laser microscopy and microcomputed tomography. The interfacial microgap between the implant and the abutment was measured at different tightening torques (5 N·cm, 10 N·cm, and 15 N·cm). Additionally, bacterial leakage and growth at various tightening torques were assessed by incubating reused HAs over different time periods.

resultsReused HAs exhibited significant surface roughness, protein contamination, and larger microgap compared to unused HAs. The average microgap for reused HAs was 43 μm, whereas unused HAs showed no detectable gap. Bacterial leakage was significantly higher with reused HAs, particularly in those subjected to more than two tightening cycles. Tightening torques of 15 N·cm effectively eliminated the microgap and minimized bacterial leakage, whereas lower torques (5 N·cm and 10 N·cm) resulted in considerable bacterial growth.

conclusionReusing HAs increases the risk of surface damage, protein contamination, microgap formation, and bacterial leakage, potentially compromising implant treatment outcomes. Higher tightening torque, (15 N·cm) significantly reduces microgap and bacterial leakage at the implant - HA imterface. Clinicians are advised to limit the reuse of HAs. However, if reuse is necessary, an appropriate tightening torque should be applied following a careful assessment of the clinical conditions of each HA.

Indexed as

Dental AbutmentsDental Implant-Abutment DesignDental ImplantsDental LeakageHumansIn Vitro TechniquesSurface PropertiesTorqueX-Ray MicrotomographyDental Implantsbacterial leakagemicrogapreused healing abutmentstightening torque

Identifiers

PMID40464373
PMCPMC12135462

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.