SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2025
Risk factors for lower limb lymphedema after gynecological cancer treatment: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of physical therapy for lower limb lymphedema in gynecological cancer survivors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Construction and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Lower Limb Lymphedema After Cervical Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence of physical functional impairments and associations with quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Chinese cancer survivors.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Article
- Do not mistake symptomatic improvement for disease modification: therapeutic endpoints in secondary lower-extremity lymphedema require inflammation-fibrosis anchoring.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Layer-Specific Assessment of Dermal Thickness and Stiffness Using Shear Wave Elastography in Gynecologic Cancer-Related Lower-Limb Lymphedema: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical translation of photoacoustic imaging using exogenous molecular contrast agents [Invited].Biomedical optics express · 2025Review
- Advances in etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of lymphedema: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: As treatments in gynecological cancer improve, the number of cancer survivors increases, with more patients facing long-term side effects of their treatment. One debilitating side effect is lower limb lymphedema (LLL). Unlike upper limb lymphedema (ULL), diagnosis of LLL remains challenging due to the absence of a clear definition, bilateral presentation complicating comparison, and confusion with post-operative weight changes. This systematic review investigated incidences and risk factors for LLL. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases for articles on LLL following treatment for pelvic gynecological cancer from 1979 to November 2024. Two independent researchers extracted data, based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We assessed bias using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies (ROBINS-I) tool and adhered to PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Our review included 46 studies, with incidence rates varying widely across cancer types: 7.4-55.9% in cervical cancer, 1.2-47% in endometrial cancer, 5.6-30.4% in ovarian cancer, and 10.1-43% in vulvar cancer. Several risk factors for LLL emerged. Notably, lymphadenectomy, the number of removed lymph nodes, radiotherapy, and a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25 kg/m² were significant risk factors. Surgical technique did not impact LLL risk. Conclusion: LLL frequently occurs following gynecological cancer treatments, emphasizing the importance of careful monitoring and proactive management in clinical settings. Overall, the findings highlight the complexity and variability in risk factors for LLL across different gynecological cancers. The significant heterogeneity in study designs, populations, and methodologies underscores the need for standardized approaches in future research to better understand and mitigate the risk of LLL in these patients. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42020198642.
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