ArticleBrain communications2025
Ion concentrations in CSF and serum are differentially and precisely regulated.
Article in Brain communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Diurnal choroid plexus function in mice depends on sex, age, and amyloid-β status.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Non-physiological potassium concentrations in commercial culture media trigger acute seizure-like activity in human iPSC-derived neurons.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dravet Syndrome Patient-Derived Neural Cells Present Altered Levels of Potassium, Copper, and Zinc.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence Decodes Brain Elemental Signatures to Stratify Aging and Neurological Diseases.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- The choroid plexus- cerebrospinal fluid axis as a lifespan regulator of neural stem cells and circuit plasticity.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2026Review
- Orchestrating brain fluid dynamics: circadian regulation of CSF, glymphatic exchange, and waste clearance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- High-frequency, high-intensity electrical stimulation selectively activates human fast-spiking interneurons.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2026Article
- Evaluation of conductivity tensor image along the perivascular space in the brains of patients with cognitive impairments.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Tau Enhances Aggregation of S100A9 Protein and Further Association of Its Fibrils.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluctuations of extracellular brain ion concentrations have been associated with transitions between brain states such as sleep and wakefulness, and disturbances have been implicated in a variety of neurological conditions, including dementia, epilepsy and migraine. This study aims to define the normal CSF ion profile and identify key factors influencing its regulation. In this cross-sectional study, we analysed samples from 42 individuals (16 men), including 28 healthy participants and 14 patients with medically unexplained neurological symptoms. Age spanned between 20 and 55 years. Using validated clinical assays, we measured paired CSF and serum concentrations of Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Na⁺. We examined their interrelationships and assessed the impact of blood-brain barrier permeability (the albumin quotient), age, sampling time and sex. CSF ion concentrations were highly stable and maintained within distinct, narrow ranges, separate from serum ranges for all ions measured (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.