ArticleBMC public health2025
Global, regional, and national burden of mortality and DALYs attributable to high body mass index from 1990 to 2021 with projections to 2036.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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- Overweight/obesity clustering and wealth differentials among indigenous households in Eastern India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Influence of Food Environment Around Schools on Nutritional Status and Body Mass Index Trajectories Among Children and Adolescents.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of weight recurrence after bariatric surgery.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- Fueling or Fighting Cancer? The Thermogenic Paradox of Brown Adipose Tissue.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- OBEClust: joining forces to prevent obesity.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Modern Management of CKM Syndrome: Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in a Multidisciplinary Setting-Expert Group Recommendations from Kuwait.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Six-year Follow-Up of Nonpharmacological and Nonsurgical Obesity Treatments.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of ovarian cancer and uterine cancer attributable to high BMI, 1990-2021: analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- WHtR-BFP dual-dimensional synergy: innovative construction of a nine-grid model for precision obesity management.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Global burden and trends of non-communicable diseases among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021: an age-period-cohort and frontier analysis with projections to 2035.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Burden and Risk Factor Patterns of Reproductive System Tumors and Non-Tumor Diseases Among Asian Women, 1990-2021: Evidence from the GBD Study.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Obesity and Occupational Disparities in Urban China: Evidence from a Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Against Successful Weight Loss and Promising Treatment Options in Obesity.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Impact of healthy and sustainable diets on the mortality burden from cardiometabolic diseases and colorectal cancer in Mexican adults: a modeling study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Biomolecular Aspects of Reelin in Neurodegenerative Disorders: An Old Candidate for a New Linkage of the Gut-Brain-Eye Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Global burden of aortic aneurysm attributable to high-sodium diet from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of high body mass index (BMI) has been increasing over the past three decades, resulting in significant public health challenges. This study aims to comprehensively analyze global, regional, and national trends in death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI from 1990 to 2021.
methodsWe utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease study to estimate deaths and DALYs linked to high BMI across 204 countries and territories. Temporal trends were analyzed by sex, age group, region, and Socio-demographic index (SDI). Decomposition analyses were conducted to assess the impact of demographic factors on BMI-related disease burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty interval (UI) to quantify statistical uncertainty. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was employed to project future trends to 2036.
resultsGlobally, BMI-related deaths increased from 1.46 million (95% UI 0.72, 2.29) in 1990 to 3.71 million (95% UI 1.85, 5.66) in 2021. DALYs rose from 48 million (95% UI 21.2, 77.3) to 128.5 million (95% UI 56, 202.4) over the same period. Diabetes and kidney diseases have now overtaken cardiovascular diseases as the leading cause of DALYs, despite cardiovascular diseases remain the major contributor to BMI-related deaths. They accounted for 82.01% of deaths and 73.91% of DALYs. Among the four regions with the highest SDI, three showed a decline in BMI-related deaths and DALYs, except for high-income North America. In contrast, low-SDI regions continued to face escalating health burdens. Population aging was a primary driver of the increasing burden, which made up 49.43% of the increase in deaths and 47.03% in DALYs.
conclusionsThe increasing prevalence of high BMI has resulted in significant health burdens over the past three decades, with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases being primary contributors. Low- and middle-income regions bear a larger share of the burden, while population aging exacerbates these challenges. Developing equitable and effective public health strategies is essential for addressing the growing obesity epidemic.
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