ArticleBMC public health2025
Determinants of routine immunization coverage among under-five children in Jigawa state, Nigeria.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reframing vaccine narrative: a co-production study of a media campaign intervention to address childhood vaccine hesitancy among Nigerian parents and caregivers.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Population immunity to the three serotypes of poliovirus post-interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in Nigeria.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionImmunization is a cost-effective public health strategy for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases. However, in recent years, the country has reportedly seen a steady decline in immunization coverage.
methodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among parents and caregivers of under-five children. A total of 400 participants were randomly selected using a simple random sampling approach. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires to evaluate the study variables. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 29.
resultsAwareness of routine immunization was reported by 81.5% of parents/caregivers, with 65.3% accurately identifying its definition. At the time of data collection, only 22.2% of their children had achieved complete immunization status, with 74.0% citing the long distance to healthcare facilities as the main obstacle for their child to complete immunizations. Additionally, only fathers' monthly income (OR = 1.71, P = 0.002) and perceived waiting time (OR = 0.41, P = 0.009) were significant predictors of complete immunization.
conclusionThe study indicates the need for a combination of short-term strategies, such as providing some incentive to encourage parent participation and establishing digital health records to improve real-time tracking of immunization coverage, as well as long-term strategies, such as improving infrastructure and service delivery at health centres to reduce waiting time and employing innovative technology to expand digital immunization records and reminder systems for targeted interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.