Observational studyDigestive diseases and sciences2025
Smoking and the Bleeding Gut: Impact on 30-Day Readmission with Recurrent Non-variceal Upper GI Hemorrhage.
Observational study in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Smoking and Early Readmission After NVUGIB: Clinical and Mechanistic Considerations.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Up in Smoking-Can Smoking Cessation Reduce the Risk of Foregut Hemorrhage in Inpatients?Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsNon-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a frequent cause of hospitalization, with significant morbidity and healthcare costs. While non-endoscopic prognostic scores aid in assessing risk, limited data exist on factors influencing 30-day readmissions. Cigarette smoking has been implicated in various gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, yet its role in NVUGIB recurrence remains unclear.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the 2021 Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD), analyzing patients with an index admission for NVUGIB. Patients were tracked for 30-day readmission due to recurrent GI bleeding. Cox regression models were employed to identify independent predictors of readmission, including cigarette smoking and other demographic, clinical, and hospital-level factors. The primary outcome was to analyze the effect of cigarette smoking on 30-day readmissions with recurrent upper GI bleeding. Secondary outcomes were readmission mortality rate, length of hospital stay, and total hospitalization charges.
resultsOut of 339,444 NVUGIB admissions, 14,247 (4.3%) resulted in 30-day readmission due to recurrent bleeding. In-hospital mortality among readmitted patients was 2.3%. The total length of hospital stay for all patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge was 68,869 days, with resulting total hospitalization charges of $874 million. Cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of 30-day readmission (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.23, P = 0.001).
conclusionThis study demonstrates that cigarette smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for 30-day readmission due to recurrent NVUGIB. These findings underscore the need for targeted smoking cessation interventions to reduce readmission rates and healthcare resource utilization.
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