Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40461856›Full record

Observational studyEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2025

Iatrogenic cholesteatoma: a tertiary referral center experience.

Enrico Liaci, Maurizio Falcioni, Giulia Bertoli, Giovanni Pepe, Daniele Fasanella, Sebastiano Franzini, Enrico Pasanisi, Filippo Di Lella

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Canal Cholesteatoma Presentation and Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Enrico LiaciThe Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Otoneurosurgery, University of Parma, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. enrico.liaci@unipr.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-3899
Maurizio FalcioniThe Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Otoneurosurgery, University of Parma, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Giulia BertoliThe Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Otoneurosurgery, University of Parma, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Giovanni PepeThe Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Otoneurosurgery, University of Parma, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Daniele FasanellaThe Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Otoneurosurgery, University of Parma, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Sebastiano FranziniThe Department of Otolaryngology, Fidenza Hospital, Parma, Italy.
Enrico PasanisiThe Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Otoneurosurgery, University of Parma, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
Filippo Di LellaThe Department of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Otoneurosurgery, University of Parma, Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo report and compare different etiopathogenic mechanisms for iatrogenic cholesteatoma formation together with their respective symptomatic onset, diagnostic latency, anatomical extension and surgical management.

methodsA retrospective single-center cohort observational study was conducted on patients who presented history of previous otologic surgery and subsequent diagnosis of iatrogenic cholesteatoma and underwent revision otologic surgery between January 2014 and December 2023.

resultsSeventeen cases of iatrogenic cholesteatoma were investigated. Previous otologic procedures included myringoplasty (10 cases, 58,8%), cochlear implantation (3 cases, 17,6%), tympanoplasty (3 cases, 17,6%), and subtotal petrosectomy associated with cochlear implantation (1 case, 5,9%). Three etiopathogenic mechanisms were identified: vascular strip displacement or incorrect management of external auditory canal skin flaps (76,5%), erosion of the posterior bony wall of the external auditory canal in canal wall up mastoidectomies for cochlear implantation (17,6%) and external auditory canal skin residuals in subtotal petrosectomy cavity (5,9%). Symptomatic onset was characterized by hearing loss and otorrhea. Mean diagnostic latency was 74 months (min 10 - max 190). Surgical management included canalplasty, canal wall up and canal wall down mastoidectomy, subtotal petrosectomy and subtotal petrosectomy with cochlear implant explantation and reimplantation. The mean follow-up time was 51,35 months (range 14-125 months).

conclusionIatrogenic cholesteatoma is a potential complication of a large variety of otologic surgical approaches. The late symptomatic onset and the consequent long mean diagnostic latency of this pathology makes it mandatory to carry out an accurate follow-up even after routine surgical procedure.

Indexed as

Cholesteatoma, Middle EarIatrogenic DiseaseOtologic Surgical ProceduresPostoperative ComplicationsAdultAgedEar CanalFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReoperationRetrospective StudiesTertiary Care CentersYoung AdultCholesteatomaCochlear implantIatrogenic cholesteatomaSubtotal petrosectomyVascular strip

Identifiers

PMID40461856

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.