Cortical fold geometry modulates transcranial magnetic stimulation electric field strength and peak displacement.

Jinting Wang, Jiayu Zhai, Yiding Wang, JiuGe Lin, Donghua Pan, Liyi Li

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jinting WangSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.

Jiayu ZhaiSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.

Yiding WangSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.

JiuGe LinSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.

Donghua PanSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China. pandonghua@hit.edu.cn.

Liyi LiSchool of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 52077040

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated how cortical folding morphology influences transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced electric fields. We constructed a simplified multi-layered curved cortical fold model to quantitatively analyze the relationships between key morphological parameters (e.g., cross-sectional shape and gyral crest curvature) and spatial electric field characteristics. The results demonstrated that deeper cortical folds enhance peak electric field strength and promote field penetration into deeper brain regions, while crest curvature governs directional field intensity variations and modulates peak displacement distances. Validation in realistic head models further confirmed that cross-sectional shape impacts field strength, and apical curvature drives spatial shifts in peak locations. The findings establish actionable connections between cortical morphology and electric field metrics, offering practical guidance for adjusting stimulation parameters in scenarios where precise field modeling is unavailable. Furthermore, the identified morphological predictors may expedite coil placement optimization in subject-specific models, improving the efficiency of TMS protocol design.

Indexed as

Cerebral CortexTranscranial Magnetic StimulationHumansMaleElectric field analysisGyral morphologySimplified gyrus modelTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Identifiers

PMID40461533

DOI10.1016/j.brs.2019.10.002

PMCPMC12134171

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.